Water, sanitation and hygiene

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3ie has two major evidence programmes that support the generation and use of high-quality evidence for informing decision-making in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector (WASH).

To know more about how we are contributing to the WASH sector, download our brochure here.

For more information, please write to info@3ieimpact.org. To receive alerts about call for proposals, please sign up here.

Promoting Latrine Use in Rural India Evidence Programme

Sanitation and Hygiene Evidence Programme

Using a life-cycle approach to target WASH policies and programmes in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

Systematic review Brief 3ie

2018 The brief summarises a systematic review on the effectiveness of two approaches to targeting populations in programmes and policies to reduce barriers to accessing WASH services and strategies during the MDGs.

Evaluating advocacy: an exploration of evidence and tools to understand what works and why

Working paper 3ie

2017

This working paper adds to the growing study and practice of advocacy evaluation by examining the challenges associated with evaluating advocacy initiatives.

Promoting handwashing and sanitation behaviour change in low- and middle-income countries: A mixed-method systematic review

Systematic review 3ie

2017 Authors of this review shows which WASH promotional approaches are effective and which implementation factors affect the success or failure of such interventions

Incorporating the life-cycle approach into WASH policies and programmes: A systematic review

Systematic review 3ie

2017 This systematic review assesses the extent to which WASH policies, programmes and projects in eleven priority countries have been inclusive of different population segments during the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) period.

Handwashing and sanitation behaviour change in WASH interventions

Systematic review Brief 3ie

2017 This brief is based on a systematic review examining which promotional approaches are effective in changing handwashing and sanitation behaviour, and which implementation factors affect the success or failure of such interventions.

Promoting handwashing and sanitation behaviour change in low-and middle-income countries

Systematic review summary 3ie

2017 This report summarises a systematic review that examines which promotional approaches are effective in changing handwashing and sanitation behaviour and which implementation factors affect the success or failure of such interventions.

What works in expanding the use of chlorine dispensers to purify water? Impact evidence from Kenya

Impact evaluation Brief 3ie

2015 According to the World Health Organization, diarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death among children under the age of five.

Can disgust and shame lead to cleaner water and more handwashing? Impact evidence from Bangladesh

Impact evaluation Brief 3ie

2015 Improvements in water quality, sanitation and hygiene are associated with a reduction in risk of diarrhoea. However, treating water and regular handwashing with soap are not common practices in several low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh.

Does building more toilets stop the spread of disease? Impact evidence from India

Impact evaluation Brief 3ie

2015 Over one-third of the 2.5 billion people worldwide who do not have access to improved sanitation live in India. Nearly 69 per cent of the population practise open defecation. Typically, the government of India’s national sanitation schemes have focused on building more latrines for reducing open defecation, health-related illness and child malnutrition.

Water to save lives

Impact evaluation Brief 3ie

2009 Contaminated water is bad for health, resulting in thousands of premature deaths around the world each year. There is strong evidence that household water treatment has the biggest impact and is the most costeffective method in reducing risks of diarrhoea.

Running water, working toilets and safe hygiene practices

Impact evaluation Brief 3ie

2009 The world is falling behind its targets to improve people’s access to sanitation, with major health costs. There is strong evidence that both sanitation and hygiene interventions are highly effective in reducing risks of diarrhoea, however public health promotion appears more cost-effective.

Willingness to pay for cleaner water in less developed countries: systematic review of experimental evidence

Systematic review 3ie

2012

Clair Null et al. examines studies that have used randomized approaches or even attempted to measure households' willingness to pay for cleaner water.

Safe drinking water. Who is willing to pay the price?

Systematic review Brief 3ie

2012 Treating water can reduce the prevalence of diarrhoea by up to 70 percent. Although there are several inexpensive water treatment technologies available, statistics show that every 15 seconds a child dies due to waterborne diseases. Over 700 million people still lack access to safe drinking water.