Payment for environmental services for reducing deforestation and poverty in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

3ie Systematic review 17

Cyrus Samii, Matthew Lisiecki, Parashar Kulkarni, Laura Paler and Larry Chavi

The systematic review by Samii and colleagues examines the evidence on the effects of payment for environmental services (PES) on deforestation and poverty outcomes. They assess whether there is a relationship between effects on poverty and environmental outcomes. It explores how institutional and social conditions may moderate the effects of PES programmes. The evidence suggests PES has a very small effect on reducing the annual deforestation rate. Only two studies assess effects on household incomes, and they show a modest improvement in incomes. Forest conservation outcomes were worse in poorer areas. Institutional capacity, corruption and possible misappropriation of project resources may have been barriers to programme effectiveness in some contexts.

Systematic Review on the Effect of Skills-Based Active Labor Market Interventions on Migration Outcomes

Systematic review 3ie 2023

The authors of this systematic review assess the effects of skill-based active labor market interventions on migration outcomes. This study was commissioned by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) through USAID’s project, Addressing the Root Causes of Irregular Migration in Guatemala.

Strengthening women’s empowerment and gender equality in fragile contexts towards peaceful and inclusive societies

Systematic review 3ie 2021

The authors of this systematic review assess the effects of gender-specific and transformative interventions on women’s empowerment and gender equality in fragile and conflict-affected states and their contribution to building peaceful and inclusive societies.

Strengthening intergroup social cohesion in fragile situations

Systematic review 3ie 2021

In this review, Sonnenfeld and colleagues synthesise evidence on programmes that promote intergroup social cohesion as a means of supporting sustainable peace in fragile communities in low- and middle-income countries.

Effects of access to electricity interventions on socio-economic outcomes in low- and middle- income countries

Systematic review 3ie 2020

In this review, Moore and colleagues synthesise available evidence on the effectiveness of electricity interventions on socio-economic outcomes for households, firms and communities in low- and middle- income countries.

Incentives for climate mitigation in the land use sector – the effects of payment for environmental services (PES) on environmental and socio-economic outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a mixed-method systematic review

Systematic review 3ie 2019

This review by Snilsveit and colleagues examines evidence from 18 economic incentives-based payment for environmental services programmes to understand the effectiveness on environmental and socio-economic outcomes.

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