The brief is based on a systematic review examining the demand and supply factors that affect uptake and renewal of community-based voluntary health insurance schemes in L&MICs.

Political corruption is the abuse of public office for illegitimate private gain, and takes many forms. Election fraud, bribery and embezzlement of funds, kickbacks in procurement, nepotism and cronyism and sale of government property for private gain all fit under this umbrella.

While significant progress has been made in low- and middle-income countries towards the enrollment of children in schools, it has not led to an equivalent increase in their learning.

In 2005, Nigeria adopted the Reach Every Ward strategy to improve vaccination coverage for children 0-23 months old. By 2015, Ogun State in the southwestern region had achieved full immunisation coverage in 12 out of 20 of its local government areas (LGAs).

This newly updated map facilitates access to high-quality evidence on the effectiveness of water, sanitation and hygiene promotion for households, communities, school and health facilities in L&MICs. It includes published and unpublished systematic reviews and impact evaluations up to April 2018.

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