A framework for examining women’s economic empowerment in collective enterprises

Women-owned collective enterprises are seen as vehicles for promoting economic empowerment. To assess how collective enterprise-based interventions can lead to empowerment, it's important to understand the pathways to change. The authors of this paper examine these pathways and provide a framework that can guide decision-makers, practitioners, and researchers on what inputs, outputs and outcomes should be considered for designing, monitoring and evaluating a program similar to 3ie's Swashakt program.